Once upon a time, a visit to the doctor started with, "Tell me where it hurts" and ended with, "Take two of these and call me in the morning."
Getting patients diagnosed correctly and treated appropriately depends on providers gathering both quantitative data, which is typically structured, and qualitative data, which is typically unstructured. When comparing both types of data, it's more challenging to manage and derive value from unstructured data.
Quantifiable, measureable data such as signs like lab results, blood sugar levels and cholesterol are considered structured data. This type of data is objective and can be entered discretely into EMRs via predefined fields. Since the data is structured, software systems are able to understand the meaning of the data, interpret the data and report on it. Structured data can be put to use by clinicians at the point of care to aid their decision making.
Qualitative data, on the other hand, such as symptoms like pain, discomfort and fatigue, is considered unstructured data. This type of data is subjective to the patient and is often gleaned through conversations based on what the clinician asks and what the patient discloses.
If a patient encounter were like an academic exam, gathering structured data like vitals would be the fill-in-the-blank portion of the test. Gathering unstructured data would be like the essay portion. While it might seem like a simple exchange of niceties, these communications provide a lot of information to a clinician, like, whether a patient is experiencing depression, or that she's experiencing shortness of breath upon standing.
Correct diagnoses and appropriate treatments are dependent on managing both structured and unstructured data. Managing structured and unstructured data also greatly influences the outcomes a healthcare organization is able to deliver. As the amount of reimbursements tied to outcomes increases, delivering outcomes becomes all the more important.
Managing structured data is usually handled well. It's in the management of unstructured data where the problems arise. There are two primary problems with unstructured data:
- The first problem is process-related. Unstructured data is not gathered consistently or systematically. A clinician only knows about symptoms if he or she asks the patient, which doesn't always happen, or if the patient discloses the information, which, again, doesn't always happen. When symptoms are overlooked or patients withhold information, clinicians can't make the right diagnosis or give the best treatment.
- The second problem is technical. Unstructured data is most often recorded in EMRs in free text fields or note fields. Data stored this way makes it very difficult for software systems to interpret, understand and analyze.
The ballooning amount of data available is its own issue. In 2012, worldwide digital healthcare data was estimated to be equal to 500 petabytes. That's an astounding number, and it's only growing: the data is expected to reach 25,000 petabytes in 2020. It can be a daunting challenge for HCOs to gain value from this mountain of data. And guess what? Industry consensus is that approximately 80 percent of all health care data is unstructured data.
So, what if technology could not only ensure patients were being diagnosed correctly, but also automate the process? Cloud-based care management and patient engagement software are providing a new way for health care organizations to unlock the value of unstructured data. How? In essence, by creating "structured symptoms" – gathering patient-reported symptoms and discretely capturing them in a way the data can be analyzed.
These platforms systematically assess patients for symptoms (and signs) that they might not get asked about directly by a provider, and that they might not self disclose because they don't think it's important (or because they simply forget). Care management software then stores patient symptom info in a structured way, allowing this previously unstructured data to be analyzed and made actionable.
For example, let's consider the use of alerts which signal clinicians that a patient needs attention. Instead of discovering issues at a late stage, after a disease has had time to progress, clinicians are alerted early to leading indicators of a decline in a patient's health status. In this way, delivery of care becomes less like fighting fires and more like preventing fires.
The bottom line? Whether it's gathered via care management software, EHR or patient-specific physician insights, all data should be structured and be ready for interpretation and analysis. This is especially critical in value-based models: For any risk-bearing entity, getting this complete picture is absolutely critical in order to give patients the right treatment at the right time, to improve outcomes and prevent adverse health events.
John Smithwick is the CEO of RoundingWell. He co-founded RoundingWell in 2011 following four years at Nashville's Healthways, where he led the design effort for its Web-based disease and lifestyle management product offerings. Prior to his work at Healthways, he worked in product management at Microsoft in Redmond, Wash. and in technology strategy consulting with Accenture in Boston, Mass. A graduate of the University of Richmond, he holds a master's of business administration from the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business.
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